should altering be used considering it a casue and effect sentence?

Large scale mining of metal and coal in the region has led to both acid rock drainage, acid water flowing out from abandoned mines, and the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, altering the receiving environment to its detriment , but are harmless if collected and disposed of in time.

A)acid water flowing out from abandoned mines, and the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, altering

B)which is the outflow of acidic water from abandoned mines, as well as the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, altering

C)the outflow of acidic water from abandoned mines, the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, which may alter

D)acid water flowing out from abandoned mines, the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, which may alter

E)which is the outflow of acidic water from abandoned mines , and the deposition of tailings, elements or compounds uncovered during mining, which may alter.

My Doubt:Option D:the deposition of tailings- is it an  independent clause?explanation in crack verbal guide says it is a run on sentence.

isnt it a cause and effect statement ?so wont the usage of altering be correct?

which may alter-does which refer to tailings, elements or compunds?

Please help me with these three doubts.

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2 Answer(s)

Hi Vihar,

Please visit the below link for a detailed explanation of this question.

https://crackverbal.com/forum/threads/questions/modifiersq9crackverbal/

Feel free to revert in case of further queries

Expert Answered on February 27, 2018.
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Hi ,

Thank you.

I went through the explanation. So we should’nt use ing modifier in the succeeding clause when we have two nouns( here acid rock drainage and tailings) leading to something?

Advanced Answered on March 8, 2018.

Hi,

Please clarify my above doubt.

on March 13, 2018.

Hi Vihar,

There is no such rule. The ing modifier is used in the following 2 cases:

  1. There is a cause and effect relationship between the 2 clauses in the sentence – It rained heavily, leading to traffic blocks
  2. There is a main clause followed by a subordinate clause in the sentence – I walked my dog, listening to music
on March 14, 2018.
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